Here are the top most useful SAP Questions and Answers for Freshers and Experienced who are looking for the Job.
1. What is SAP?
Answer: SAP is the name of the company originated in 1972 under the German name (Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing) is the prominent ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) software package.
2. What is an ERP?
Answer: ERP stands for Enterprise Resource Planning Software and is an integrated computer-based system used to manage a company's resources efficiently. It ensures smooth information amongst various departments in an enterprise or a company and manages workflows.
3. What are the different types of ERP's?
Answer:
- SAP
- Baan
- JD Edwards (now acquired by Oracle)
- Siebel
- Peoplesoft (now acquired by Oracle)
- Microsoft Dynamics
4. SAP Basics feature Configuration of the SAP modules
Answer: Transaction SPRO - this is the main tree for all the configuration.
Function Key
- CTRL+C - Copy
- CTRL+V – Paste
- CTRL+X - Cut
- F1 - Help
- F4 - Possible entries or matchcode for the field you are accessing
- F5 - Selection screen
- F7 - Previous screen
- F8 - Next screen
- F9 - Technical info
Navigation
- /n Skip to the next record if you are processing one batch input session
- /nend Close all R/3 sessions and logoff
- /bend Cancel a batch input foreground process
- /nxxx x Call the transaction xxxx in the same session
- /o Generate a session list
- /i Delete the current session
- /oxxx x Call the transaction xxxx in an additional session
- /h Turn the debug mode on
- /$tab Reset all buffers (for System Administrators)
- /$syn c Synchronize instances buffers (for System Administrators)
5. Explain NetWeaver?
Answer: NetWeaver is an application builder from Netweaver for integrating databases and business processes from some sources while exploiting the leading Web services technologies. Part of the company's mySAP product group that can run on a single instance of NetWeaver known as SAP Web Application Server (SAP WEBAs).
The benefit of using Netweaver is you can access SAP data using the web (http protocol) or even mobile. Thus you can save on costs involved in training users on SAP Client-side GUI.
6. List the Different Modules in SAP.
Answer: The different SAP Modules are
- FI (Financial Accounting)
- CO (Controlling)
- EAM (Enterprise Asset Management)
- HR (Human Resource)
- SD (Sales and Distribution)
- MM (Materials Management)
- PP (Production Planning)
- QM (Quality Management)
- BW (Business Warehousing)
There are many industry-specific solutions that SAP provides apart from the list of modules above which is ever growing.
7. Mention what is the difference between OLAP and Data Mining?
Answer:
OLAP: OLAP stands for Online Analytical Processing it is a reporting tool configured to understand your database schema, dimensions and composition facts
Data Mining: It is an analytic process to explore data in search of consistent patterns or systematic relationship between variables.
8. What is Metadata, Transaction data, and Master data
Answer:
- Meta Data: Meta Data is data about Data. It states the structure of data or MetaObjects.
- Transaction Data: This is data related to day to day transactions.
- Master Data: This Data is key business information like Customer information, Employee, Materials, etc. This is more like a reference data. For Ex. If a customer orders ten units of your product instead of asking the customer for his shipping address ten times, the same can be referenced from the Customer Master Data.
9. What are the different SAP products?
Answer:
- SAP R/3 - It succeeds SAP R/2 and is the market leader in ERP. R/3 stands for three-tier architecture, i.e., Presentation, Logic, and Data tier. It has many modules like
- SAP R/3 - It succeeds SAP R/2 and is the market leader in ERP. R/3 stands for three-tier architecture, i.e., Presentation, Logic, and Data tier. It has many modules like HR, SD, FI, etc. which encompass almost all enterprise departments.
- mySAP - It is a suite of SAP products which apart from SAP R/3 also contains PLM, SRM, CRM, SCM
10. Is SAP A Database?
Answer: NO. The SAP is not a database, but it's an application that makes use of databases provided by other vendors like Oracle, SQL Server, etc.
11. What is a transaction in SAP terminology?
Answer: In SAP terminology, a transaction is series of logically connected dialog steps.
12. Can we run business warehouse without SAP R/3 implementation?
Answer: Yes, you can run business warehouse without R/3 implementation. You have to merely transfer structures associated with business warehouse data sources (ODS table, Infocube) to the inbound data files or use third-party tools to connect your flat files and other data sources.
13. Mention what do you mean by datasets?
Answer: The data sets are sequential files processed on the application server. They are used for file handling in SAP.
14. How many SAP Sessions can you work on at a given time?
Answer: At given time for a particular client, you can work on six sessions at max.
15. What are variables?
Answer: Variables are parameters of a query that are set in the parameter query definition and are not filled with values until the queries are entered into the workbooks.
16. Mention the different types of variables?
Answer: Variables are used in different application
- Hierarchy nodes
- Characteristics variable
- Formulas
- Hierarchies
- Text
- Replacement Path
- Processing Types
- User entry/default type
17. Mention where are the t-code name and program values stored? Explain how you can find a list of all t-codes in the SAP system?
Answer: To view transaction table TSTC you can use transaction code st11, and you can define a new t-code using transaction se93.
18. Mention what are the main three stages of data-mining?
Answer: The three stages of data-mining include
- Initial Exploration
- Model building
- Deployment
19. Mention some of the set-backs of SAP?
Answer:
- It is expensive
- Demands highly trained staff
- Lengthy implementation time
- Interfaces are a little bit complex
- Does not determine where master data resides
20. Mention what are the different layers in R/3 system?
Answer:
- Different layers in R/3 system includes
- Database layer
- Presentation Layer
- Application layer
21. Explain what AWB is?
Answer: AWB stands for Administrator Workbench. It is a tool for controlling monitoring and maintaining all the processes connected with data staging and processing in the business information warehousing.
22. Describe the process to create a table in the data dictionary?
Answer:
- To create a table in the data dictionary, you have to follow this steps
- Creating domains (data type, field length, range)
- Creating data elements (Properties and type for a table field)
- Creating tables (SE 11)
23. Explain the significance of ODS in BIW?
Answer: An ODS Object serves to store consolidated and debugged transaction data on a document level. It defines a consolidated dataset from one or more InfoSources. This dataset can be analyzed with an InfoSet Query or BEx Query. The data of an ODS Object can be updated with a delta update into InfoCubes and other ODS Objects in the same system or across systems. In contrast to multi-dimensional data storage with InfoCubes, the data in ODS Objects is stored in transparent, flat database tables.
24. Tell the difference between Domain and Data Element?
Answer:
- Data Element: It is an intermediate object between domain and table type
- Domain: It describes the attributes such as length, type, and possible value range
25. What is WF? Explain its importance?
Answer: Business Work Flow: Tool for automatic control and execution of cross-application processes. This involves coordinating the persons involved, the work steps required, the data, which needs to be processed (business objects). The main advantage is a reduction in throughput times and the costs contain in managing business processes. Its use enhances transparency and quality.
26. Give Explanation of SET parameters and GET parameters?
Answer: To use parameter IDs, you need to "set" values in the global memory area and then "get" values from this parameter ID memory area. In the case of the online program, you have to "Set" values from screen fields, and you will "get" these values for screen fields.
27. Mention what is IDOC, ALE, RFC, EDI, and explain briefly?
Answer:
- ALE: Application Linking enabling
- IDOC: Intermediary documents
- EDI: Electronic data interchange
- RFC: Remote function call
28. Define LUW (Logical Unit Of Work)?
Answer: LUW is a span of time during which database records are updated either commit or rollback.
29. Mention what is BDC? How many methods of BDC there are?
Answer: BDC stands for Batch Data Communication. The methods of BDC are
- Batch Input Session Method
- Direct Input Method
- Call Transaction Method
30. Mention what is meant by a "baseline data" in SAP AR and AP?
Answer: The baseline date is the date on which the payment terms apply. Usually, it is the document date on the invoice but can also be the date of entry or posting date from the ledger.
31. What do you mean by one-time vendors?
Answer: In specific industries, it is not possible to create new master records for every vendor trading partner. One-time vendor enables for a dummy vendor code to be used on invoice entry, and the information that is generally stored in the vendor master is keyed on the invoice itself.
32. Mention what are the standard stages of the SAP Payment Run?
Answer: While executing the SAP Payment Run the standard stages of SAP includes
- Entering of parameters: It involves entering company codes, vendor accounts, payment methods, etc.
- Proposal Scheduling: The system proposes list of invoices to be paid
- Payment booking: Booking of the actual payments into the ledger
- Printing of Payment forms: Printing of payment forms
33. Mention what is the difference between the "residual payment" and "partial payment" methods of allocating cash in account receivable?
Answer: The main difference between the residual and partial payment includes:
- Residual Payment: While in residual payment, invoice A456 is cleared for the full value $100 and a new invoice line item is produced for the remaining balance of $30.
- Partial payment: For example, let say invoice A456 exits for $100, and the customer pays $70. With the partial payment, it offsets the invoice leaving a remaining balance $30
34. Describe internal tables, value tables, check tables, and transparent table.
Answer: It is the standard data type object; it exists only throughout the runtime of the program.
- Internal table will exist with the same structure both in the dictionary as well as in the database exactly with the same data and fields
- Value table will be at domain level checking
- Check table will be at field level checking
35. Explain an application, presentation, and database servers in SAP R/3.
Answer: The application layer of an R/3 system is made up of the application server and the message server. Application programs in an R/3 system run on application servers. Using the message server, the application servers communicate with presentation components, the database and also with each other. All the data are stored in a centralized server, which is known as a database server.
36. Why do you choose to implement SAP?
Answer: There are many technical reasons numbers of companies are planning to implement SAP. It’s highly configurable, highly secure data handling, min data redundancy, max data consistency; you can capitalize on the economics of sales like purchasing, tight integration-cross function.
37. Explain the difference between SAP BASIS and SAP ABAP
Answer:
- SAP Basis is, the administration module of SAP used to control code changes, upgrades, database admin, network setup, etc. while
- SAP ABAP is the programming language used within SAP to customize, generate reports, generate forms, etc.
38. Mention the different types of the source system in SAP?
Answer: The different types of the source system in SAP includes
- SAP BW
- SAP R/3 source system
- Flat files
- External Systems
39. Explain what a company in SAP is?
Answer: The company in SAP is the highest organizational unit for which financial statements like profit and loss statements, balance sheets can be drawn according to the requirement of organizations. A single company contains one or many company codes. All the company codes in SAP must use same COA (chart of accounts) and fiscal year.
40. Explain what should be the method of writing a BDC program?
Answer: The method of writing BDC program is to
- Create recording
- Convert the legacy system data to a flat file into the internal table referred as "Conversion."
- Transfer the Flat file into the SAP system called "SAP Data Transfer."
Depending upon the BDC type CALL TRANSACTION or CREATE SESSIONS
41. Explain what is Extended Star Schema?
Answer: The star schema consists of the fact tables and the dimension tables. The master data related tables are kept in separate tables, which has reference to the characteristics in the dimension tables. These separate tables for master data are termed as the Extended Star Schema.
42. Mention the benefits of reporting with BW over R/3.
Answer: Business Warehouse uses a data warehouse and OLAP concepts for analyzing and storing data While the R/3 was intended for transaction processing. You can get the same analysis out of R/3, but it would be easier from a BW.
43. Mention Reason behind codes used in Account Receivable.
Answer: "Reason Codes" are tags that can be assigned to describe under/overpayments during the allocation of incoming customer payments. They should not be mixed up with "void reason codes" used when outgoing cheques are produced.
44. Mention the two types of services that are used to deal with communication
Answer: You can use two types of services
- Gateway Service: This service allows communication between R/3 and external applications using CPI-C protocol.
- Message Service: To exchange short internal messages, this service is used by the application servers
45. Mention what are the common transport errors?
Answer: The common transport errors include
- Return code 4: Imported with warnings, generation of program, columns or row missing
- Return code 8: Imported with a syntax error, program generation error, dictionary activation error, etc.
46. Describe the concept of “Business Content” in SAP Business Information Warehouse?
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Answer: Business Content is a pre-configured set of the role and task-relevant information models based on consistent Metadata in the SAP Business Information Warehouse. Business Content provides selected roles within a company with the information they need to carry out their tasks. These information models essentially contain roles, workbooks, queries, InfoSources, InfoCubes, key figures, characteristics, update rules and extractors for SAP R/3, Business Applications, and other selected applications.
47. Mention what pooled tables is?
Answer: Pooled tables are used to store control data. A number of pooled tables can be united to form a table pool. Table tool is a physical table on the database in which all the records of the allocated pooled tables are stored.
48. What is an update type concerning a match code ID?
Answer: If the data in one of the base tables of a matchcode ID changes, the matchcode data has to be updated. The update type stipulates when the match-code has to be updated and how it has to be done. The update type also defines which method is to be used for making match-codes.
49. Explain what is a dispatcher?
Answer: The dispatcher is a component that takes the request for client systems and stores the request in the queue.
- Return code 12: Indicates import cancelled due to object missing, object not active, etc.
- Return code 18: Indicates import cancelled due to system down while import, user expired during import and insufficient roles or authorization
50. Explain what the .sca files and mention their importance.
Answer: .sca stands for SAP component Archive. It is used to deploy the Java components, patches and other java developments in the form of .sca,.sda,.war and .jar.